Late Quaternary clay minerals off Middle Vietnam in the western South China Sea: Implications for source analysis and East Asian monsoon evolution

High-resolution clay mineral records combined with oxygen isotopic stratigraphy over the past 450 ka during late Quaternary from Core MD05-2901 off Middle Vietnam in the western South China Sea are re-ported to reconstruct a history of East Asian monsoon evolution. Variations in Illite, chlorite, and kaolinite contents indicate a strong glacial-interglacial cyclicity, while changes in smectite content present a higher frequency cyclicity. The provenance analysis indicates a mixture of individual clay minerals from various sources surrounding the South China Sea. Smectite derived mainly from the Sunda shelf and its major source area of the Indonesian islands. Illite and chlorite originated mainly from the Mekong and Red rivers. Kaolinite was provided mainly by the Pearl River. Spectral analysis of the kaolin-ite/(illite chlorite) ratio displays a strong eccentricity period of 100 ka, implying the ice sheet-forced win-ter monsoon evolution; whereas higher frequency changes in the smectite content show an ice sheet-forced obliquity period of 41 ka, and precession periods of 23 and 19 ka and a semi-precession period of 13 ka as well, implying the tropical-forced summer monsoon evolution. The winter monsoon evolution is generally in coherence with the glacial-interglacial cyclicity, with intensified winter monsoon winds during glacials and weakened winter monsoon winds during interglacials; whereas the summer monsoon evolution provides an almost linear response to the summer insolation of low latitude in the Northern Hemisphere, with strengthened summer monsoon during higher insolation and weakened summer monsoon during lower insolation. The result suggests that the high-latitude ice sheet and low-latitude tropical factor could drive the late Quaternary evolution of East Asian winter and summer monsoons, respectively, implying their diplex and self-contained forcing mechanism.     

Coal facies evolution of the main minable coal-bed in the Heidaigou Mine,Jungar Coalfield,Inner Mongolia,northern China

The No. 6 Coal-bed from the Heidaigou Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia is a super-large Ga deposit. The dominant carrier of Ga is boehmite in coal. The study of coal facies may provide genetic enrichment information of Ga and its carrier (boehmite) in the Ga deposit. On the basis of study on coal petrology and mineralogy, it was found that the No. 6 Coal-bed from the Heidaigou Mine of Jungar was enriched in inertinites and the microlitho-types were dominated by clarodurite. The maceral morphological features and association indicate that the coal-bed was formed in a dry sedimentary environment or in a periodic dry sedimentary environment caused by the alternating variations of groundwater level. The optimum conditions for the enrichment of Ga and its particular carrier (boehmite) were dominated by four transitional conditions: (1) the upper delta plain which was the transitional zone between alluvial and lower delta plains, (2) the transitional zone between the dry and wet forest swamps, being slightly apt to the dry one, (3) the transitional tree density between the thick and loose ones, and (4) the low moor that was the transitional zone between two high moors during peat accumulation.     

Impedance of flexible suction caissons

The dynamic response of offshore wind turbines is affected by the properties of the foundation and the subsoil. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the dynamic soil–structure interaction of suction caissons for offshore wind turbines. The investigations include evaluation of the vertical and coupled sliding–rocking vibrations, influence of the foundation geometry and examination on the properties of the surrounding soil. The soil is simplified as a homogenous linear viscoelastic material and the dynamic stiffness of the suction caisson is expressed in terms of dimensionless frequency‐dependent coefficients corresponding to different degrees of freedom. The dynamic stiffness coefficients for the skirted foundation are evaluated using a three‐dimensional coupled boundary element/finite element model. Comparisons with known analytical and numerical solutions indicate that the static and dynamic behaviours of the foundation are predicted accurately using the applied model. The analysis has been carried out for different combinations of the skirt length, Poisson's ratio of the subsoil and the ratio of the soil stiffness to the skirt stiffness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Robust H∞ control for aseismic structures with uncertainties in model parameters

This paper presents a robust H∞ output feedback control approach for structural systems with uncertainties in model parameters by using available acceleration measurements and proposes conditions for the existence of such a robust output feedback controller. The uncertainties of structural stiffness, damping and mass parameters are assumed to be norm-bounded. The proposed control approach is formulated within the framework of linear matrix inequalities, for which existing convex optimization techniques, such as the LMI toolbox in MATLAB, can be used effectively and conveniently. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust H∞ strategy, a six-story building was subjected both to the 1940 El Centro earthquake record and to a suddenly applied Kanai-Tajimi filtered white noise random excitation. The results show that the proposed robust H∞ controller provides satisfactory results with or without variation of the structural stiffness, damping and mass parameters.     

MM5中新边界层方案的引入和对比试验

本文介绍了一种新的边界层方案，即E－ε－1方案，并用五种层结下的通量廓线关系计算地面通量，将其引入到中尺度数值天气预报模式MM5中，并用新的边界层方案对江淮流域存季暴雨进行了短期模拟，与此同时，对新的方案和模式原有的各种边界层方案作了比较，对此得到了一些有价值的结果。     

赴英、法交流访问的情况报告

本文是对欧洲中期数值预报中心（ECMWF）的考察，访问和交流的情况报告，较为详尽地介绍了ECMWF的机构，业务及研究的历史发展情况，同时，结合对法国奥里机场气象台的考察简要介绍了法国气象机构和业务建设以及英法两国气象教育与人才培养的基本情况。     

基于COM技术的地图符号库结构设计与实现

从符号库的结核设计入手，提出了一种新的符号库模型－双层地图符号库模型。该模型在速度，质量上继承了其他模型的优点。利用COM技术实现了地图符号库设计系统，该系统在符号库的易挂接性和符号的可扩展性上有了很大的提高。     

1997/1998年El Nino/La Nina期间洋流的演变特征和影响的分析

利用ＴＯＧＡ—ＴＡＯ赤道次表层海流与海温观测资料，比较清楚地揭示了１９９７／１９９８年Ｅｌ Ｎｉｎｏ期间在赤道西太平洋暖池上空西风异常的驱动下，次表层异常海流的产生机制和向东传播过程中的变化特征。对比分析了海表、次表层异常海流的两种热力平流过程，即水平温度平流和因海流水平辐合辐散造成的垂直上翻（或下沉）运动对混合层及海表温度异常的贡献，结果证实了后一效应对ＥＮＳＯ发生发展的重要意义。最后还对文中的海流异常是否就是理论分析得到的Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波在海流场上的反映进行了讨论。     

某办公楼变形原因浅析及对策--建筑物变形监测实例

作者就某办公楼发生倾斜及裂缝后 ,对其进行建筑物变形观测这一实例 ,就其观测方法和建筑物发生变形的原因进行了总结及分析 ,并提出了治理的对策 ,为该建筑物维修方案的制定提供了依据。